Quantification of atherosclerotic plaque in the elderly with positron emission tomography/computed tomography

L'athérosclérose est une maladie cardiovasculaire inflammatoire qui est devenue la première cause de morbidité et de mortalité dans les pays développés et parmi les principales causes d’invalidité au monde. Elle se caractérise par l’épaississement de la paroi vasculaire artérielle suite à l'accumulation de lipides et le dépôt d'autres substances au niveau de l’intima (endothélium) pour former la plaque d’athérome. Avec l'âge, cette plaque peut grossir, se calcifier et ainsi rétrécir le calibre de l'artère pour diminuer son débit et à un stade avancé de la maladie, elle peut se rompre et obstruer les petites artères dans n'importe quelle partie du corps causant des complications aigues, y compris la mort soudaine. L'objectif de cette thèse est de pouvoir détecter l'inflammation de la plaque athérosclérotique quantitativement avec la TEP/TDM dans le but de prévenir son détachement. Les mesures avec la TDM et la TEP avec le 18F-FDG ont été acquises chez des sujets humains âgés de 65 à 85 ans. Des analyses quantitatives ont été conduites sur les images de TDM en fonction de l'intensité et des étendues des calcifications, et sur les images de la TEP pour évaluer le métabolisme des plaques. L'effet des traitements par les statines a aussi été étudié. Au-delà la couverture de cette étude de façon détaillée au niveau physiologique en corrélant différents paramètres des plaques, et au niveau méthodologique en utilisant de nouvelles approches pour l'analyse pharmacocinétique, il en ressort principalement la suggestion de la détection de la vulnérabilité de la plaque artérielle par la TDM, plus disponible et moins coûteuse, en remplacement des analyses biochimiques, surtout la protéine C-réactive (CRP) considérée être la méthode standard.Abstract : Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory cardiovascular disease considered the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and among the leading causes of disability worldwide. It is characterized by the thickening of the arterial vascular wall due to the accumulation of lipids and the deposition of other substances in the intima (endothelium) to form atheroma plaque. With age, this plaque can grow larger, calcify and thus narrow the size of the artery to decrease blood flow and at an advanced stage of the disease, it can rupture, be transported by blood and block the small arteries in any part of the body causing acute complications, including sudden death. The objective of this thesis was to be able to detect the inflammation of the atherosclerotic plaque quantitatively with PET/CT in order to prevent its detachment. Measurements with CT and PET with 18F-FDG were acquired in human subjects aged 65 to 85 years. Quantitative analyzes were performed on CT images based on the intensity and extent of calcifications, and on PET images to assess plaque metabolism. The effect of statin treatments has also been studied. Beyond the coverage of this study in a detailed manner at the physiological level by correlating different parameters of the plaques, and at the methodological level by using new approaches for pharmacokinetic analysis, it mainly emerges the suggestion for the detection of the vulnerability of the arterial plaque by CT alone, more available and less expensive, replacing biochemical analyzes, especially Creactive protein (CRP) considered to be the standard method

Evaluations of Paranasal Sinus Disease Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Background: This study aimed to evaluate paranasal sinusitis disease and determine if there is a relationship between the anatomical variation of sinusitis based on the age and gender of the patient and, if so, to identify the most affected demographic group. Methods and Results: This study included 130 patients (76 men and 54 women with ages ranging from 18 years to 75 years) diagnosed with PNS disease and was conducted in the Radiology Department of King Abdelaziz Specialist Hospital and King Faisal Hospital (Taif city, Saudi Arabia) from January 1 2021 to January 31 2022. The evaluation of sinusitis was conducted using multidetector computed tomography. The clinical symptoms included 70% cases of nasal obstruction, 53% cases of headache, 28.5% cases of nasal discharge, 17.7% cases of facial pain, and 3.1% cases of general malaise. The types of sinusitis included maxillary sinusitis (88.5%), sphenoid sinusitis (28.5%), ethmoid sinusitis (43.8%), and frontal sinusitis (23.5%). The study found no significant anatomical variation of sinuses based on age and gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: An evaluation of paranasal sinusitis disease using an MDCT scan shows that there are no gender or age-related differences in the prevalence of the disease. Moreover, the study demonstrates that there is no significant anatomical variation of sinuses based on age and gender

[Corrigendum] Evaluations of Paranasal Sinus Disease Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Corrigendum for 'Evaluations of Paranasal Sinus Disease Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Taif City, Saudi Arabia' by: Alotaibi O, Osman H, Hadi Y, Alzamil Y, Alyahyawi A, Al-Enezi MS, Alafer F, Abanomy A, Khandaker MU, Almeshari M. International Journal of Biomedicine 12(4): 575-579. DOI: 10.21103/Article12(4)_OA9 Following the publication of this article, the authors have realized that errors were made with the description of the listed affiliation addresses. Therefore, the author affiliations and addresses, in this paper should have appeared as follows: Osama Alotaibi1,2, Hamid Osman3, Yasser Hadi 4, Yasser Alzamil5, Amjad Alyahyawi5,6, Mamdouh S. Al-Enezi5, Feras Alafer7, Ahmad Abanomy8, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker9,10, and Meshari Almeshari5; 1Department of Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital-Taif, Taif, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 2425, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 4Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia 5Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. 6Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK 7Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia 8Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia 9Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia 10Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil, International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused

Awareness level, knowledge and attitude towards breast cancer among staff and students of Hail University, Saudi Arabia

Introduction Awareness of screening procedures and illness warning signals is critical for expanding and implementing screening programs in society, which would improve the odds of early identification of breast cancer. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer risk factors, signs, symptoms and methods of screening among female faculty and students at Hail University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 through February 2021 in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. A closed-ended questionnaire, which consisted of 37 questions, was distributed online (using a Google Forms link) in both English and Arabic languages. Data was collected from 425 female subjects who participated in the study. Results The study showed an overall knowledge level of 46.36% regarding breast cancer. Participants had average knowledge about risk factors, signs, and symptoms, whereas their awareness and practice of breast self-examination and screening methods were weak. Conclusion The current study concluded that public awareness of breast cancer remains relatively low, and Saudi Arabia still needs several public awareness initiatives using mass media, such as television, the Internet, and radio, as well as social media. Special awareness programs should also be held in places where a large number of women can easily be reached, such as colleges, universities, and hospitals